Home > manopt > core > getHessianFD.m

# getHessianFD

## PURPOSE

Computes an approx. of the Hessian w/ finite differences of the gradient.

## SYNOPSIS

function hessfd = getHessianFD(problem, x, d, storedb, key)

## DESCRIPTION

``` Computes an approx. of the Hessian w/ finite differences of the gradient.

function hessfd = getHessianFD(problem, x, d)
function hessfd = getHessianFD(problem, x, d, storedb)
function hessfd = getHessianFD(problem, x, d, storedb, key)

Returns a finite difference approximation of the Hessian at x along d of
the cost function described in the problem structure. The finite
difference is based on computations of the gradient.

storedb is a StoreDB object, key is the StoreDB key to point x.

If the gradient cannot be computed, an exception is thrown.

## CROSS-REFERENCE INFORMATION

This function calls:
This function is called by:
• getApproxHessian Computes an approximation of the Hessian of the cost fun. at x along d.

## SOURCE CODE

```0001 function hessfd = getHessianFD(problem, x, d, storedb, key)
0002 % Computes an approx. of the Hessian w/ finite differences of the gradient.
0003 %
0004 % function hessfd = getHessianFD(problem, x, d)
0005 % function hessfd = getHessianFD(problem, x, d, storedb)
0006 % function hessfd = getHessianFD(problem, x, d, storedb, key)
0007 %
0008 % Returns a finite difference approximation of the Hessian at x along d of
0009 % the cost function described in the problem structure. The finite
0010 % difference is based on computations of the gradient.
0011 %
0012 % storedb is a StoreDB object, key is the StoreDB key to point x.
0013 %
0014 % If the gradient cannot be computed, an exception is thrown.
0015 %
0017
0018 % This file is part of Manopt: www.manopt.org.
0019 % Original author: Nicolas Boumal, Dec. 30, 2012.
0020 % Contributors:
0021 % Change log:
0022 %
0023 %   Feb. 19, 2015 (NB):
0024 %       It is sufficient to ensure positive radial linearity to guarantee
0025 %       (together with other assumptions) that this approximation of the
0026 %       Hessian will confer global convergence to the trust-regions method.
0027 %       Formerly, in-code comments referred to the necessity of having
0028 %       complete radial linearity, and that this was harder to achieve.
0029 %       This appears not to be necessary after all, which simplifies the
0030 %       code.
0031 %
0032 %   April 3, 2015 (NB):
0033 %       Works with the new StoreDB class system.
0034 %
0035 %   Nov. 1, 2016 (NB):
0037 %       now knows to fall back to an approximate gradient if need be.
0038
0039     % Allow omission of the key, and even of storedb.
0040     if ~exist('key', 'var')
0041         if ~exist('storedb', 'var')
0042             storedb = StoreDB();
0043         end
0044         key = storedb.getNewKey();
0045     end
0046
0047     % Step size
0048     norm_d = problem.M.norm(x, d);
0049
0050     % First, check whether the step d is not too small
0051     if norm_d < eps
0052         hessfd = problem.M.zerovec(x);
0053         return;
0054     end
0055
0056     % Parameter: how far do we look?
0057     % If you need to change this parameter, use approxhessianFD explicitly.
0058     % A power of 2 is chosen so that scaling by epsilon does not incur any
0059     % round-off error in IEEE arithmetic.
0060     epsilon = 2^-14;
0061
0062     c = epsilon/norm_d;
0063
0064     % Compute the gradient at the current point.
0066
0067     % Compute a point a little further along d and the gradient there.
0068     % Since this is a new point, we need a new key for it, for the storedb.
0069     x1 = problem.M.retr(x, d, c);
0070     key1 = storedb.getNewKey();
0072
0073     % Transport grad1 back from x1 to x.
0075
0076     % Return the finite difference of them.
0078
0079     % Note: if grad and grad1 are relatively large vectors, then computing
0080     % their difference to obtain hessfd can result in large errors due to
0081     % floating point arithmetic. As a result, even though grad and grad1
0082     % are supposed to be tangent up to machine precision, the resulting
0083     % vector hessfd can be significantly further from being tangent. If so,
0084     % this will show in the 'residual check' in checkhessian. Thus, when
0085     % using a finite difference approximation, the residual should be
0086     % judged as compared to the norm of the gradient at the point under
0087     % consideration. This seems not to have caused trouble. If this should
0088     % become an issue for some application, the easy fix is to project the
0089     % result of the FD approximation: hessfd = problem.M.proj(x, hessfd).
0090
0091 end```

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